英语的基本句型是主语+谓语，如果将主语与谓语调换，称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。

　　一、全倒装：主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词，叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况：

　　1.当here，there，out，in，up，down等副词放在句首时，句子需全倒装：

　　There goes the bell! 铃响了！

　　There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.

　　注意：①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词，像go、come、mush等。

　　②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。

　　2.方位状语在句首，如：

　　In front of the house stopped a police car.

　　Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.

　　Under the tree sat a boy.

　　3.直接引语在句首，这种情况可倒装也可不倒装

　　“What does it mean?”asked the boy或the boy asked.

　　二、半倒装：

　　主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装，有以下数种情况：

　　1.否定意义的词在句首，句子半倒装

　　例如：little，never，not，no，hardly，rarely，seldom

　　Never shall I forget you.

　　At no time was the man aware of what was happening.

　　Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.

　　2.几对并列连词如not only……..but also，hardly，when等连接两个并列句，连词在句首，前句半倒装，后句不倒装。

　　当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如：

　　1）Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. (不属于完全倒装)

　　2）Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.

　　4.以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如：

　　1)So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

　　2)So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.

　　3)So much does he worry about his financial position that he can't sleep at night.

　　注：在该结构中，“so+形容词”是表语的前置；“so+副词”是状语的前置。