9.21托福写作机经第一套

　　综合写作：

　　Primary care doctors

　　美国的初级医护人员

　　阅读

　　20，000 primary care doctors are in shortage in America, there are three reasons

　　1, 上医学院学费贵，学生需要贷款，毕业之后 primary doctors 的工资低，不够还贷款

　　2，P C doctors 压力大，工作时间长，看的病人多，没人愿意干这个工作

　　3，the opportunities to get trained are limited. 毕业后要培训三年才能上岗，但是 residency position 不多，导致很多学生毕业后得不到培训，之后他们就延迟培训或者该行听力这些问题都有解决方法

　　1，学生入学时承诺毕业后在 primary care field 干，政府就会给他们提供帮助，比如帮助附贷款或者提供奖学金

　　2，可以培训护士，让她们承担一部分医生的工作，比如开药方，这样医生压力就减少了

　　3，美国颁布了一个法律，规定如果毕业生三年里都没有接受培训，政府就会把他们安排到其他医院，这些医院有 residency positions 总体比较简单，阅读没有什么生词，听力听得也很清楚，主要是最后一个论点，由于读文章时只关注记题了，第三个论点细节没怎么看，导致听力第三个论点听得也不是很清楚，后来阅读又出来的时候，又细细的看了阅读，然后根据听力听到的内容自己组织了下语言。用了模板，280 个字左右。

　　独立写作：

　　It is more important for a university to spend money on improving facilities (libraries,computer labs and technology in general) than to spend money on hiring famous teachers.

　　让步段：诚然，对于那些设备落后的大学应该花更多的钱在更新设备上，比如建图书馆，实验室，和体育馆。学校设备好了，学生的学习效率，老师的教学效率变高，校园生活更加丰富。图书馆提供学生好的阅读资源和环境，实验室可以让学生实践理论知识，体育馆给学生老师提供运动场地，身体更健康，促进学习。

　　转折段：但是那些设备已经很好但是没有有名气的老师的大学要花更多钱在雇用老师上。

　　首先，设备已经很好，没必要再花很多钱在这上面。这笔钱可以花在雇佣有名气的老师，这样可以宣传，提高学校知名度，吸引更多更优秀的学生;再次，一批有才能的老师可以提高学校的教学质量，学生的成绩也会提高。大学应该通过提供有名气的老师高工资，或者好的工作环境来吸引那些有名的老师。

　　9.21托福写作机经第二套

　　综合写作

　　【主题】

　　Electronic medication record

　　Reading：

　　It is benefit to have electronic medication record.

　　1.Save money

　　2.Less error

　　3.Provide research data

　　Listening:

　　Disagree.

　　1.Doctors will keep paper records even if they have electronic records.

　　2.Doctors like to use paper records, and ask others to input records into computer, which will more easily to make errors.

　　Medicine records cannot be used freely.

　　独立写作

　　Do you agree or disagree： celebrities are more important to younger people than they are to older people.

　　9.21托福写作机经第三套

　　综合写作

　　阅读：

　　Schools in big cities do not have enough teachers, the reading believes that signing bonuses ( offering teachers cash payment,and other financial incentives) project can improve urban schools.

　　1. Signing bonus will increase the income, usually teachers' income is low. So this project could stimulate other teacher to apply for urban schools.

　　2. The Signing bonuses makes the teachers's salaries comparable with other professions, thus would attract capable candidates from other professions into teaching positions such as computer science, engineers.

　　3. The signing bonuses will reduce teacher staffing problem at the beginning of a school term.

　　They will not quit at the beginning of their jobs. Besides, They are legally obligated to pay back the money if they quit.

　　听力

　　Listening

　　The signing bonuses are not likely to solve the problem.

　　1. According to a survey concerning what do teachers care the most. Salary is not the top concern. Other factors, such as how well the school administration is, how well the laboratories and libraries are, or even the commute hours matter more to some experienced teachers. So the experienced teachers are not likely to apply for urban schools only for the sake of money.

　　2. The biggest obstacle for other professions to enter teaching position is the stressful and long process getting the teaching certification. They have to quit the old jobs to prepare, which results in salary loss. If they are preparing while doing their current job, it would be more stressful.

　　3. it would not be a good thing to both teachers and their students if teachers are trapped in their position. Teachers can not leave schools before they pay back the bonus money, they will not in good mood, the teaching and student will suffer.

　　独立写作：

　　For any business to be successful, it must spend more money on advertising.

　　9.21托福写作机经第四套

　　综合写作

　　文章提了三个 factor contributes to the rise of Rome.但是文章末尾说这三个 factor 同样导

　　致了 the downfall of Rome. 听力内容支持了这一说法。 (听力是支持!阅读材料不是四

　　段而是五段，末尾有个转折，于是听力就接着转折点观点一路解释下去了，没有反驳阅

　　读观点。)

　　1. military factor: 阅读认为：Rome recruit soldiers from its conquered land and motivate them to join Rome army。听力反驳：not only soldiers but officers of Rome are of other nationality. They are disloyal to the empire and finally became against to it.

　　2.political factor.阅读里: the unchallenged power of the leader, the emperor， allow the empire to undertake great project, such as war.听力反驳： the unchallenged power is beneficial only when these projects are for the whole nation's sake. however, many emperor use their power for their own sake, such as building palace on the conquered land.

　　3. economic factor. 阅读：Rome have a great amount of tax income from its farmers for the administration and defence of the empire. 听力反驳：the cost of administration and defence of the empire increases along with the tax income. the tax rate become higher and higher and finally cause farmers' dislike and hatred for the Rome rules.

　　独立写作：

　　Your job has overall greater happiness than your social life do.

　　9.21托福写作机经第五套

　　综合写作：讲两百万年前蜜蜂到底存不存在。

　　综合写作阅读文第一个疑点是找不到实际存在的蜜蜂化石，但教授说那时候还没有能产生树脂的树，所以没有保留下来的化石很正常;第二个疑点是两百万年前没有开花植物所以蜜蜂不存在，而教授说蜜蜂不一定完全依赖开花植物;综合写作第三个疑点是至今发现的蜂巢都缺少一种现代蜂巢的结构 Caps，但教授说其实两者存在相同化学物质。

　　独立写作：

　　In the past，young people make decision by their parents now they are better able to make decisions by their own.

　　9.21托福写作机经第六套

　　综合写作：

　　Business 的，阅读提出了三种提高销量的方法，听力给予反驳。

　　1. New version of existing products,

　　反驳的店是如果老顾客不喜欢新版本又会觉得用旧版很过时，就会放弃对这个牌子饮料的消费

　　2. New product related to the brand.

　　反驳的是如果旧的 vehicle的卖点是 tough,如果新产品如 boots没有这样的 quality,就会给公司带来 bad reputation.反驳是如果原来买冰淇淋的厂商开始卖巧克力了，会增加巧克力的竞争者。

　　3. 联合生产。

　　反驳的是如果产品一个企业生产不了那么可以几个公司合作，要不没什么用。举了一个冰淇淋和巧克力的例子。可以如果有一天生产巧克力的那家公司开始自己生产冰淇淋，不再依赖冰淇淋公司，会导致从合作变成竞争关系。

　　独立写作：

　　是否同意如下观点： Many people spend lot of time watching sports programs on TV or following their favourite sports teams. Doing these two things will have negative impacts on their life. 你同不同意花太多时间在看运动比赛或者追随自己喜欢的队伍上?

　　9.21托福写作机经第七套

　　综合写作

　　【主题】野牛数量的下降

　　Reading：

　　1. 人将它作为了 source of food

　　2. Migrators 带来的 competing for grassland

　　3. 新科技的发展，如枪的发展

　　Listening:

　　1. 人是从东部迁徙过去的，但是野牛数量下降时从西边开始的，东部也吃野牛，但是数量没有下降。

　　2. 野牛可以在寒冷的天气下生存，有很厚的皮，还可以吃雪下面的草而牛和马在冷环境下无法存活。过去的狩猎武器跟新武器一样有效，所以新武器出现后威力更大的说法是说不通的。

　　独立写作

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: student should take at least one year to work or travel before they go to university. 学生现在喜欢 gap year，高中毕业后花一年去 trip 或 work 再去大学，你怎么看?