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2018年8月25日托福阅读回忆和解析

2018-08-29

来源:环球教育

小编:洛伊 484
摘要:

  综合点评
  Passage
  one
  学科分类题目
  生物类—动物
  Spider
  内容回
  忆
  介绍一类蜘蛛,makesomedecorationonitsweb.Explainthepossiblereasons:可能1:attracttheir
  prey=insectswho利用紫外线找食物。蜘蛛网有反射紫外线的功能,这种功能能让它被一些昆虫发现,但
  也能让一些传播花粉的昆虫误以为是花,而落网一些蜘蛛装饰它们自己的网,这种做法有特殊的好处,
  比如让鸟类飞行时可以避开,避免网被破坏等But可能2:不是为了吸引猎物,而是食物已经很丰富,有
  多余energy做这些装饰。并做了一实验验证,确实如此。
  参考阅
  读
  Passage
  two
  学科分类题目
  生物类动物的不同运动方式及原理locomotion
  内容回
  1:海里的鱼类进化成流线型减少阻力游泳时,尾巴鱼鳍的作用
  忆
  2:步行的动物减少接触地面的时间,减少摩擦,体型大
  3:飞行的动物长出某种肌肉,翅膀站体重20%,体型小
  词汇题:
  Feat=accomplishment
  constrainsto=restrictionson
  mechanism=method
  predominantly=mainly
  参考阅
  读
  Tpo2-2水里
  Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans—whales,porpoises,anddolphins—aremammals.
  Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.
  Theirstreamlinedbodies,the
  absenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofafluke1andblowhole2cannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswit
  hlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,a
  ndwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatth
  efirstwhaleslookedlike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrec
  ord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?Missinguntilr
  ecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.
  陆地
  Animalaeriallocomotioncanbedividedintotwocategories—poweredandunpowered.In
  unpoweredmodesoflocomotion,theanimalusesaerodynamicsforcesexertedonthebodydueto
  windorfallingthroughtheair.Inpoweredflight,theanimalusesmuscularpowertogenerate
  aerodynamicforces.Animalsusingunpoweredaeriallocomotioncannotmaintainaltitudeand
  speedduetounopposeddrag,whileanimalsusingpoweredflightcanmaintainsteady,levelflight
  aslongastheirmusclesarecapableofdoingso.
  Passage
  three
  学科分类题目
  经济类荷兰捕鱼业
  内容回
  忆
  荷兰捕鱼业强的原因:1:一种船的使用2:保存鱼的方法。
  此捕鱼业代动了相关产业的发展。
  最后一段:如何捕猎鲸鱼,以及随着数量减少造更牛的船
  参考阅
  读
  TheNetherlandshasalongtraditionasafishingandfishprocessingnation.Thetradeinfishstartedasearly
  astheMiddleAges,whenitbecamethecornerstoneoftheDutchwealth.Tillthisdaythefleetsuppliesthe
  elevenfishmarketsinourcountrydailywithfreshfish.
  AlothaschangedthoughsincetheMiddleAges.Sustainablemanagementofthefishstockhasbecomeof
  increasingimportanceandinnovationsofthefishingtechniquesareongoingtopreservetheenvironment.
  Maintainingthehigheststandardsofqualityisoftheutmostimportance.Itisthereforenosurprisethatthe
  Dutchfishingindustryisrenownedforitshigh-qualityproductsandthehighlevelofinnovations.An
  industrytobeproudof!
  Passage
  four
  学科分类题目
  经济类英国农业贸易
  内容回
  忆
  两次工业革命对英国农业贸易的影响,外来的农产品竞争导致本地农产品降价导致农
  民收益减少。
  词汇题:
  Courteous=polite
  Posed=presented
  Durable=long-lasting
  Hastened=hurried
  类似:TPO33-2、TPO46-2
  Passage
  five
  学科分类题目
  考古白垩纪温度升高的原因
  内容回
  忆
  原因1:二氧化碳浓度高。反驳掉。详细解释:如果CO2高,植物光合作用需要很少的物
  质S因为很容易进行。But化石研究及海水酸度研究发现:S不少,所以CO2浓度和现在一
  样。
  原因2:冰川深海冰中存在某种气体,温度上升,冰川融化,气体释放加剧温室效应。
  参考阅
  读
  EachclimatewarmingspikecorrelateswithanepisodeofextinctionidentifiedinanearlierstudyledbyProfessor
  TomTobinoftheUniversityofAlabama.
  “Ourfindingssupportthe‘press-pulse’extinctionmechanism,”saidDoctorSierraPetersen,referringtothe
  theorythatlong-termenvironmentalstressmadelifeonEarthvulnerabletotheshockoftheasteroidimpact.“The
  volcanismcausedsignificantclimatechange,andtheenvironmentalstressfromthisclimatechangelikelyledto
  enhancedoverallextinction.”
  Petersen’spaperappearstocontradictonepublishedjustacoupleofweeksagobyJamesWittsoftheUniversity
  ofLeedsandcolleagues,whofoundtherewasonesingle,“sudden”(meaningwithin30,000to70,000years)
  extinctioncorrelatedwiththeasteroidimpact,usingfossilsfromthesameplaceasPetersengatheredher
  specimensfrom–SeymourIslandontheAntarcticPeninsula.
  PetersenpointsoutthatWitts’paperdoesshowasmallextinctionepisodecorrelatingtothefirsttemperature
  spike,whereasearlierstudiesfoundthatthetwoextinctionpulseswereofroughlyequalseverity.
  Unfortunately,theWittspaperonlycameoutafterourpaperwasalreadyinproduction,sowecouldnotaddthis
  discussionintoourpaper.
  It’scuriousthatPetersenandhercolleaguesfoundawarmingspikeassociatedwiththeasteroidimpact,when
  youmightexpectanasteroidimpacttogenerateacoolingspikefromthe“impactwinter”triggeredbyallthe
  sulfuranddustkickedupintoEarth’satmosphere.Indeed,DoctorJohanVellekoopoftheCatholicUniversityof
  Leuven,Belgium,andcolleagueshavejustpublishedapaperclaimingtohavefound“evidenceof
  impact-provoked,severeclimaticcoolingimmediatelyfollowingtheK-Pgimpact”insedimentsoffshoreNew
  Jersey.
  [Our]studydoesnothavetheresolutiontoobservetheimpactwinter,whichwouldonlyhavelastedafewyears
  atthemost.
  Suchatransientcoldsnapwouldbehard-pressedtoberecordedinoceansedimentsatall,becauseofthehuge
  thermalinertiaoftheworld’soceans,unlessclimatefeedbacksamplifiedandsustainedcoolingforcenturies.
  Veryclosetothe[end-Cretaceous]boundarywehavesomesamplesthatarequitewarm,nearlyreachingthe
  peaktemperaturesfromthefirstwarmingspike.Othersamplesarecolder,butallaretakenfromwithin1meter
  oftheboundaryandwecannotresolvetheirrelativetiming.Clearlyclimatewashighlyvariablearoundthis
  time.
  Recentrock-datingworkhassuggestedthatthevastmajorityoftheIndianlava(andbyimplication
  CO2emissions)eruptedasaconsequenceoftheasteroidimpactshakingupthemagmaplumbingbeneathIndia.
  Petersen’spapertiesthefirstwarmingspikeandextinctiontothebeginningoftheIndianDeccaneruptions,with
  massiveCO2emissionsconcentratedinatimeframeoflessthan200,000years,beforetheasteroidimpact.
  Passage
  six
  学科分类题目
  历史荷兰瓷砖
  内容回
  忆
  荷兰一种瓷砖的发展,可以贴在墙上或者天花板上,后来又演变出许多的修饰图案。
  明代中国的瓷器引入后又模仿瓷器造出一种很薄的瓷砖。
  参考阅
  读
  荷兰瓷砖与借鉴中国瓷器
  文章内容:Squarepiecesofpinkfiringclaywerecoveredwithwhitetinglazeandpaintedwith
  polychrome(colored)decorationsthatranovermorethanonetile.Atthebeginningoftheseventeenthcentury,
  whentheDutchwalltilebecameanimportantfunctionalanddecorativewallcovering,differentdesignswere
  introduced.Animals,flowerpots,anddesignswithgrapesandpomegranateswereusedonsingletilesascentral
  motifswithinadiamond-shapedorcircularborder.Thecornersofeachtilewerefilledwithstylizedleafmotifs
  executedintheso-called“reversingtechnique”wherethebackgroundaroundthepatternispaintedinblue,
  leavingtheactualdesignstandingoutinwhite.Whenputtogetheronthewall,therecurringcornermotifsmet
  andformedlargedecorativeunitsalmostequalinsizetothecentralfigurativedesigns.
  补充材料:
  DuringtheDutchGoldenAge,theDutchEastIndiaCompanyhadalivelytradewiththeEastandimported
  millionsofpiecesofChineseporcelainintheearly17thcentury.[8]TheChineseworkmanshipandattentionto
  detailimpressedmany.Onlytherichestcouldaffordtheearlyimports.Dutchpottersdidnotimmediatelyimitate
  Chineseporcelain;theybegantodosoafterthedeathoftheWanliEmperorin1620,whenthesupplytoEurope
  wasinterrupted.[7]"PottersnowsawanopportunitytoproduceacheapalternativeforChneseporcelain.After
  muchexperimentingtheymanagedtomakeathintypeofearthenwarewhichwascoveredwithawhitetinglaze.
  Althoughmadeoflow-firedearthenware,itresembledporcelainamazinglywell."[9]Delftwareinspiredby
  Chineseoriginalspersistedfromabout1630tothemid-18thcenturyalongsideEuropeanpatterns.Around1700
  severalfactorieswereusingenamelcoloursandgildingoverthetin-glaze,requiringathirdkilnfiringatalower
  temperature.Later,afterJapaneseImariwarehadbecomepopularinthelate1600sandearly1700s(whenittoo
  triedtofillthegapoftheChineseshortage),Delftbeganmakingtheirown'Imariware'copyingtheclassic
  'flowervaseonaterracesurroundedbythreepanelswithcranesandpinedesign'.Orient-inspiredDelftware
  remainedpopularintotheearly1700sbutthendeclinedwhenChineseporcelainbecameavailableagain.[10]
  Delftwarerangedfromsimplehouseholditems–plainwhiteearthenwarewithlittleornodecoration–tofancy
  artwork.MostoftheDelftfactoriesmadesetsofjars,thekast-stelset.Pictorialplatesweremadeinabundance,
  illustratedwithreligiousmotifs,nativeDutchsceneswithwindmillsandfishingboats,huntingscenes,
  landscapesandseascapes.Setsofplatesweremadewiththewordsandmusicofsongs;dessertwasservedon
  themandwhentheplateswereclearthecompanystartedsinging.[11]TheDelftpottersalsomadetilesinvast
  numbers(estimatedateighthundredmillion[12])overaperiodoftwohundredyears;manyDutchhousesstill
  havetilesthatwerefixedinthe17thand18thcenturies.
  词汇题:besubjectedto=beexposedtorecurringto=repeateddecisive=essential=significant
  细节题:
  AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingistrueofthedesignofaDutchwalltile?
  Itsmainpurposechangedfrombeingfunctionaltobeingdecorative.
  Itsornamentationsometimescontinuedontoothertiles.
  Itwaspaintedwithabluedesignsurroundedbyawhitebackground.
  Itscornersweresometimesfilledwithimagesofanimals.
  .
  Passage
  seven
  学科分类题目
  艺术洞穴壁画
  内容回
  忆
  绘画者画这些画的动机
  Inanyinvestigationoftheoriginsofart,attentionfocusesonthecavepaintingscreatedinEuropeduri
  ngthePaleolithicera(c.40,000-10,000yearsago)suchasthosedepictingbullsandotheranimalsinth
  eLascauxcaveinFrance.Acceptingthattheyarethebestpreservedandmostvisiblesignsofwhatwa
  saglobalcreativeexplosion,howdowestarttoexplaintheirappearance?Instinctively,wemaywantt
  oupdatetheearliesthumanartistsbyassumingthattheypaintedforthesheerjoyofpainting.Thephil
  osophersofClassicalGreecerecognizeditasadefiningtraitofhumansto"delightinworksofimitatio
  n"—toenjoytheveryactandtriumphofrepresentation.Ifwewereclosetoareallionorsnake,we
  mightfeelfrightened.Butawell-executedpictureofalionorsnakewillgiveuspleasure.Whysuppo
  sethatourPaleolithicancestorswereanydifferent?
  Thissimpleacceptanceofartforart'ssakehasacertainappeal.TothinkofLascauxasagalleryallowsitto
  beasortofspecialviewingplacewherethehandiworkofaccomplishedartistsmightbedisplayed.Plausibly,
  dailyexistenceinpartsofPaleolithicEuropemaynothavebeensohard,withanabundanceofreadyfoodand
  thereforetheleisuretimeforart.Theproblemswiththisexplanation,however,arevarious.Inthefirstplace,the
  proliferationofarchaeologicaldiscoveries—andthisincludessomeoftheworld'sinnumerablerockartsitesthat
  cannotbedated—hasservedtoemphasizearemarkablylimitedrepertoireofsubjects.Theimagesthatrecurare
  thoseofanimals.Humanfiguresareunusual,andwhentheydomakeanappearance,theyarerarelydonewith
  thesameattentiontoformaccordedtotheanimals.IfPaleolithicartistsweresimplyseekingtorepresentthe
  beautyoftheworldaroundthem,wouldtheynothaveleftafargreaterrangeofpictures—oftrees,flowers,ofthe
  Sunandthestars?
  Afurtherquestiontothetheoryofartforart'ssakeisposedbythehighincidenceofPaleolithicimagesthat
  appearnottobeimitativeofanyrealitywhatsoever.Thesearegeometricalshapesorpatternsconsistingofdots
  orlines.Suchmarksmaybefoundisolatedorrepeatedoveraparticularsurfacebutalsoscatteredacrossmore
  recognizableforms.AgoodexampleofthismaybeseeninthegeologicallyspectaculargrottoofPêcheMerle,in
  theLotregionofFrance.HereweencountersomefavoriteanimalsfromthePaleolithicrepertoire—apairof
  stout-belliedhorses.Butoverandaroundthehorses'outlinesaremultipledarkspots,daubedindisregardforthe
  otherwisenaturalisticrepresentationofanimals.Whatdoessuchpatterningimitate?Thereisalsothefactorof
  location.ThecavesofLascauxmightconceivablyqualifyasundergroundgalleries,butmanyotherpaintings
  havebeenfoundinrecessestotallyunsuitableforanykindofviewing—tightnooksandcranniesthatmusthave
  beenawkwardevenfortheartiststopenetrate,letaloneforanyoneelsewantingtoseetheart.
  类似TPO53-3
  词汇题:absolute=totalprogression=orderremarkable=extraordinaryassociated=linked=con
  nected
  Passage
  eight
  学科分类题目
  艺术康斯坦丁的画
  内容回
  忆
  画家Constable和他的landscapepainting反应hispersonality和当时的政治
  参考阅
  读
  Constableisfamousforhislandscapes,whicharemostlyoftheSuffolkcountryside,wherehewas
  bornandlived.Hemademanyopen-airsketches,usingtheseasabasisforhislargeexhibition
  paintings,whichwereworkedupinthestudio.Hispicturesareextremelypopulartoday,butthey
  werenotparticularlywellreceivedinEnglandduringhislifetime.Hedid,however,have
  considerablesuccessinParis.
  Constablequietlyrebelledagainsttheartisticculturethattaughtartiststousetheirimaginationto
  composetheirpicturesratherthannatureitself.HetoldLeslie,"WhenIsitdowntomakeasketch
  fromnature,thefirstthingItrytodoistoforgetthatIhaveeverseenapicture".[20]
  AlthoughConstableproducedpaintingsthroughouthislifeforthe"finished"picturemarketof
  patronsandR.A.exhibitions,constantrefreshmentintheformofon-the-spotstudieswasessential
  tohisworkingmethod.Hewasneversatisfiedwithfollowingaformula."Theworldiswide",he
  wrote,"notwodaysarealike,noreventwohours;neitherwerethereevertwoleavesofatreealike
  sincethecreationofalltheworld;andthegenuineproductionsofart,likethoseofnature,areall
  distinctfromeachother."[21]
  Constablepaintedmanyfull-scalepreliminarysketchesofhislandscapestotestthecompositionin
  advanceoffinishedpictures.Theselargesketches,withtheirfreeandvigorousbrushwork,were
  revolutionaryatthetime,andtheycontinuetointerestartists,scholarsandthegeneralpublic.The
  oilsketchesofTheLeapingHorseandTheHayWain,forexample,conveyavigourand
  expressivenessmissingfromConstable'sfinishedpaintingsofthesamesubjects.Possiblymore
  thananyotheraspectofConstable'swork,theoilsketchesrevealhiminretrospecttohavebeenan
  avant-gardepainter,onewhodemonstratedthatlandscapepaintingcouldbetakeninatotallynew
  direction.
  Stonehenge(1835).VictoriaandAlbertMuseum,London
  Constable'swatercolourswerealsoremarkablyfreefortheirtime:thealmostmysticalStonehenge,
  1835,withitsdoublerainbow,isoftenconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestwatercoloursever
  painted.[21]Whenheexhibiteditin1836,Constableappendedatexttothetitle:"Themysterious
  monumentofStonehenge,standingremoteonabareandboundlessheath,asmuchunconnected
  withtheeventsofpastagesasitiswiththeusesofthepresent,carriesyoubackbeyondall
  historicalrecordsintotheobscurityofatotallyunknownperiod."[22]
  本场考试的加试文章为InterpretingPrehistoricCaveArt(重复2017.09.17加试题,这次仍为加试
  题),或者Constable’sLandscapePainting(首考加试题,考生普遍反映非常难)。
  2018年8月25日托福口语回忆和解析
  环球教育沈阳学校
  邹希伦整理点评
  综合点评
  整体难度适中。没有较多生僻词汇,题意容易理解。有效运用答题思路,即可有不错的发挥。
  Task1
  考题回忆很多人会有一些新鲜的有挑战的经历,说一个你自己的经历和你怎么看待这个经历?
  话题分类
  FamiliarTopics
  解题思路
  描述类题目。事件类,可能需要“编故事”。
  Topic
  -Reason1&Detail1
  -Reason2&Detail2
  参考范文
  Oneofthemostchallengingthingsinmylifewouldbetoparticipateinavoluntaryworklast
  year.Infact,Iwenttoaremotevillageandworkedasateacherteachingpupilssomebasic
  English.Atthebeginning,IstruggledtotriggertheirinterestinEnglish,becausethemajority
  ofthemhadn’tcomeintocontactwithaforeignlanguagebefore.Thatmeanstheybarelyhad
  foundationofit.What’smore,itwasthefirsttimeformetodealwithvariousstudents.Ifelt
  quiteunconfidentespeciallywhenIinteractedwithsomeintrovertedstudents.Therefore,it
  wasreallyanarduoustaskforme.
  录音配有录音
  Task2
  考题回忆有人觉得图书馆应该安静,有人觉得应该提供社会活动让学生约朋友见面、开会。你觉
  得应该怎样?
  话题分类
  FamiliarTopics
  解题思路
  PreferAorB偏好类
  Topic:PreferAorB
  Reason1-Details
  Reason2-Details
  参考范文
  Personally,Iprefertheformerone.Themainreasonisthatalargepercentageofstudentsgoto
  thelibraryforstudyorreadingawiderangeofbooks.Thelibrariesshouldprovideaquiet
  academicatmospheretoallowthemtoimmersethemselvesinthepleasureofreadinginstead
  ofmakinganynoises.Inaddition,ifstudentshopetotakepartinsocialactivities,theschool
  shouldarrangeabetteroramoresuitablevenuelikeanauditoriumorasportscenterwitha
  widerspaceandmodernfacilities.Thatwillbemoreidealtosatisfystudents’need.
  录音配有录音
  Task3
  考题回忆阅读部分学校得了donation,有letter建议要修种,原因两个:
  1.因为钟是学校象征,很著名,想到钟就想到学校。第二是种提醒学生时
  间。
  听力部分女生反对这个政策。
  1.建筑物才是学校象征,而不是钟。而且大家只看钟,不需要听他的声音。
  2.大家都有手表或电话不需要钟提醒。还是把donation拿来买桌子椅子更
  好。
  话题分类CampusSituation:校园活动
  解题思路概述PolicyorProposal
  表明女生AgreeorDisagree
  Reason1-Details
  Reason2-Details
  参考范文
  Inthereading,it’sproposedthattheschoolshouldrepairtheclock.Itisnotonlythesymbolof
  thisschoolbutalsoremindsstudentsoftimeandpunctuality.Butintheconversation,the
  womanisagainsttheproposalduetothefactthatthearchitecturesoncampusshouldplaya
  moreimportantroleratherthantheclock.Andmostpeopleonlywatchtheclockinsteadof
  listeningtoit.Sothere’snoneedtorepairit.What’more,studentsaremorelikelytorelyon
  watchesorphonestochecktime.Therefore,itwillbeawasteofmoney.Theschoolshoulduse
  themoneyonmoreusefulthingsliketablesandchairsforstudents.
  录音配有录音
  Task4
  考题回忆阅读部分少量毒物(toxicant)不会造成死亡,反而会带来好处。
  听力部分教授做了一个实验。两块地一块打除草剂,一块不打,有除草剂的长出很
  多。
  话题分类AcademicContents:生物学
  解题思路解释术语概念
  阐述教授的例子来印证概念
  参考范文
  Accordingtothereading,thephrasereferstoaphenomenonthatasmallamountoftoxicant
  willnotleadtodeath.Incontrast,itwillbringsomebenefits.Inthelecture,theprofessorgives
  anexampleabouthisexperimenttoillustratethis.Hegrewthesamecropsontwopiecesof
  land.Ononeofthem,heusedsomeherbicide.Butontheotherone,hedidn’t.Afteraperiod
  oftime,hediscoveredthatonthelandwithherbicide,cropsactuallygrewbetter.Thiscan
  showhowtoxicantcouldbringpositiveimpacts.
  录音配有录音
  Task5
  考题回忆一个男的家里加热系统坏了,特别冷,但是房东不在本地,两个解决方案:
  1.去找人修,但是他不知道电话。找朋友帮忙看要挺长时间,晚上还是会冷
  2.住朋友家,朋友不在家,但是他房东要一个星期才回来,他觉得太打扰朋友。
  话题分类CampusSituation:突发意外
  解题思路概述问题
  总结解决方案
  偏好哪个方案
  解释原因
  参考范文
  Themanhasaproblemthathishomeisfreezingbecauseofthefailureofheatingsystem,but
  thelandlordisinanothercityandcouldn’thelptosolveit.Therearetwosolutions.Oneisto
  findapersontofixit,theotheristoliveinhisfriend’shome.Inmyopinion,thesecond
  solutionisbetter.Becausehedoesn’tknowtheworker’sphonenumber.Andifheaskshis
  friendstohelptorepair,itwillbetime-consumingandmightnotbefruitful.Besides,the
  landlordwillbeawayforawholeweek.Ibelieveifheexplainstohisfriendindetail,his
  friendwilltotallyunderstandhim.
  录音配有录音
  Task6
  考题回忆Topic:psychologysafety
  成功的领导人要创造小组氛围,一个是给予犯错的机会,另一个是关注relationship,要
  让成员觉得自己不是worker而是people。
  话题分类AcademicContents:心理学
  解题思路
  Topic
  Point1&Example1-Details
  Point2&Example2-Details
  参考范文
  Inthelecture,theprofessortalksaboutthewaystoensurepsychologysafety.Thefirstoneis
  thatasuccessfulleadershouldmakeemployeesrealizetheyareworkingasateam.For
  instance,anemployeeshouldbeallowedtomakemistakes.Inthisway,theycanfeel
  psychologysafety.Theotherwayistopayattentiontorelationship.Forexample,ifemployees
  feeltheyarerespectedandtreatedverywellinsteadofjustbeingworkers.Theywillmake
  moreeffortstocontributetothecompaniesbecauseofpsychologysafety.
  录音配有录音
  2018年8月25日托福听力回忆和解析
  环球教育沈阳学校
  杨钧涵整理点评
  综合点评
  为大家整理了2018年8月25日托福听力真题解析回忆,在托福考试中仍旧会出现以往的旧题,本次
  考题中conversation依旧是最常见的两大话题,校园生活和学术研究,lecture也是常考的几大话题,
  分别是艺术,生物,地质和天文,常见话题均有出现,当然近期考试关于建筑,经济,心理学相关话
  题也有上升趋势。
  Conversation1
  话题分类Studentandprofessor
  内容回忆一个学生想要参加演讲比赛,向教授征求演讲的建议,教授建议她脱稿,自然地
  发挥。
  参考听力
  TPO15L1
  Conversation2
  话题分类Studentandconsultant
  内容回忆男学生想要换一个学校兼职工作,原来是在餐厅工作,最后打算坐夜班司机送人回家
  参考听力
  TPO40L2
  Conversation3
  话题分类Studentandemployee
  内容回忆电子音乐,围绕电子音乐和周五学校的演出
  参考听力
  TPO30L1
  Lecture1
  话题分类经济学
  内容回忆经济学:亚当斯密的理论。教授说了他理论的不足,在一些特定的情况下无法实
  现利益最大化。
  参考听力
  TPO11L4
  Lecture2
  话题分类地质学
  内容回忆说影响地貌的两种方式,侵蚀和板块运动导致的山脉,之前有学者认为侵蚀一定
  会导致海拔下降,教授不同意,说被侵蚀过后,板块重量下降,更容易在板块运
  动中被抬高。
  参考听力
  TPO6L4
  Lecture3
  话题分类天文学
  内容回忆天文学的lecture,Browndwarf介于行星和恒星之间,是embryos变成恒星失败
  而形成的(有题),两个假设,一个是ejectiontheory,跟gravity有关,embryos
  相互竞争(有题),一个是吸收的material无法发光,没有足够的core。
  参考听力
  TPO21L1
  Lecture4
  话题分类艺术类
  内容回忆音乐史,讲操纵电脑演奏的电子音乐。介绍仪器的用处是为了让音乐达到每一处,
  接着开始讨论演奏形式。男女生分别出来互动,女生说很震撼还有即兴演出,男
  生说不是音乐会反而很像一群人在发邮件,老师不同意男生观点同意女生的。和
  钢琴演奏对比来看,此种演奏形式和演奏者关系比较小。
  参考听力
  TPO30L4
  Lecture5
  话题分类动物学
  内容回忆大象次声波:动物用人类听不到的声音进行交流。
  参考听力
  TPO7L2,TPO10L1
  Lecture6
  话题分类建筑学
  内容回忆美国建筑历史,关于路易斯康的建筑设计,一开始模仿古希腊哥特式建筑,后来
  有了钢铁,就有了更多的设计。
  参考听力
  TPO29L4
  2018年8月25日托福写作回忆和解析
  环球教育沈阳学校
  付莹莹整理点评
  综合点评
  本次写作题目与之前难度持平。综合写作听力部分注意收集针对阅读相应问题提供的解决方法,细节
  尽量详尽。独立写作是教育类的话题,但问法及题目较为新颖(选教授话题)。
  综合写作
  话题分类阅读提出一个新的事物的作用,听力反驳阅读中的论点。属于“对立”题型。
  考题回忆总论点阅读中主要对英国控制外来植物falsebamboo给出了三个方法,听力从这三个
  角度来反驳方法的不合理性。
  阅读部分阅读文章说了三点:
  第一个分论点:斩草除根。
  第二个分论点:喷洒化学除草剂。
  第三个分论点:引进外来昆虫plantlouse吸树液。
  听力部分听力不认同阅读的观点。
  第一个对应的反驳观点是:很难拔干净一旦有残余又重新涨回来。
  第二个对应反驳的分论点:一次杀不死全部,每年每季度三四次,浪费钱。
  第三个对应反驳的分论点是:昆虫来自亚洲,冬天很难在英国存活,一旦虫子
  数量减少,作用丧失。另外该虫万一大量繁衍怎么办。
  解题思路综合写作基本框架思路。注意转述内容时侧重于听力部分,且以表意清晰为主要目的。
  参考范文综合写作参照(考场回忆信息量有限,仅供参考)
  Boththeauthorandthelecturerconcentrateontheapproachestocontroltheincreaseofa
  non-nativeplant-falsebambooinBritain.Thereadingpassageassertsthatitsthreemethodsare
  quiteeffectivetostopthistendency.However,theprofessorinthelecturetotallyrefutesallthe
  passage'sviewpoints.
  Firstly,eventhoughthewriterclaimsthatonewayistodigdeeptoremovetherootsoffalse
  bamboo,thespeakerdiscreditsthisbyarguingthattheviewpointisnotconvincing,asitis
  difficultforpeopletocleanoutallrootswithoutanytinyomission.However,asmallpieceof
  rootcouldgrowbacktoitsoriginallargesizeandspreadquickly.Therefore,itisunlikelyto
  carryonacleankill.
  Furthermore,despitethestatementinthereadingpassagethattheuseofchemicalpesticidesis
  alsoahelpfulway,theprofessorcontendsthatitisnotsoefficientthatpeoplehavetospray
  thosechemicalsthreetofourtimeseveryseasoneachyear.Thespeakerfurtherexplainsthatthis
  methodismorelikelytowastemoremoneyandincreasethefinancialburden.
  Finally,theauthorstatesthattheintroductionofnaturalenemies-akindofinsectisbeneficialin
  controllingtheworseningsituation,Thelecturercountersthatitdoesn’tworkwell.The
  professoradvancestheargument,sayingthatalthoughtheseinsectsfromAsiaarehelpful,they
  cannotadapttothefreezingcoldnessinwinter.Besides,anotherdangeristhatoncethese
  predatorsadaptwellandreproducemassively,othernativespeciesoreventhewholelocal
  eco-systemwillsuffer.Fortheseconcerns,thethirdmeasuredoesnotfitforthisissue.
  Inbrief,thewriterandthespeakercontradicteachotheronwhetherthesethreemethodsare
  validtocontrolthespreadoffalsebamboo.
  本篇范文可以借鉴的模板
  Boththeauthorandthelecturerconcentrateon___________.Thereadingpassageasserts
  that_____________.However,theprofessorinthelecturetotallyrefutesallthepassage's
  viewpoints.
  Firstly,eventhoughthewriterclaimsthat_______________,thespeakerdiscreditsthisby
  arguingthat____________________.
  Furthermore,despitethestatementinthereadingpassagethat____________,theprofessor
  contendsthat______________________.Thespeakerfurtherexplainsthat____________.
  Finally,theauthorstatesthat_____________.Theprofessoradvancestheargument,saying
  that__________.
  Inbrief,thewriterandthespeakercontradicteachotheron_________
  独立写作
  话题分类教育类话题。命题中给了两个对象作出对比,从一个角度思考,从而去提出三个分论点加以分析和论
  证。
  考题回忆
  Whichkindofprofessorswillyouchoosewhenselectingthecourses?1,Someprofessors
  whoarevotedtobethemostpopularone?2,Someprofessorswhoarerewardedof
  outstandingresearch?
  解题思路思路分析:两个角度无论从哪个方面都可以写出有关教育类的词汇,本文从受欢迎的角度去写。
  主要观点:受欢迎的老师首先他们的教学方法可以使得学生们积极性更高,上课更有参与感,并且学
  生给予的反馈和评价能进一步提高教学表现,另外,流行的老师肯定也具备本科生所需的全部知识,
  并且有更多的精力和时间在授课上。相反,有突出成就的教授可能更集中在学术研究上而对教学传授
  知识没有耐心。最后补充其他性格魅力。
  参考范文
  Nowadays,whoisabettercoursechoiceforstudentsespeciallyinauniversity,awell-evaluatedprofessor
  amongstudentsoronerewardedforhisoutstandingresearch?Thiskindoftopicisneveroutoffashion
  sinceprofessorsplayadeterminingroleintheiryoungfollowers’academicstudy.Frommyperspective,the
  mostpopularprofessorwillhavemorepracticalhelptomystudy.
  Firstandforemost,thesewelcomedteachersaremorelikelytoadoptaninnovativeteachingmethodto
  increasestudents’participation,interestandindependentanalysis.Besides,students’positiveappraisalwillin
  turnmotivateteacherstofurtherupgradetheirteachingplanandmaterials.Immersedinsuchawell-developed
  cycleandaharmoniouslearningenvironment,thosefreshmenwillhavemorepersistencetoexplorethemagic
  ofscience,technologyorartstepbystep.Incontrast,thetraditional“teacher-centered”modemanyother
  professorsstilltakeastheirprioritymaytreatstudentsaspassivespectators,whichdoesnotcontributetotheir
  effectivenessofstudy.Therefore,inalongterm,studentswillfeelbored,evenemotionallybiasedagainsttheir
  majorcourses.
  Anotherstrongargumentisthatifyouwanttobeapopularprofessor,richknowledgesystemisthebasic
  requirement.Thisisbecauseformanystudents,oneoftheirbiggestjoyscomesfromchallengingtheir
  imparters,findingouttheirmistakes.Tosatisfytheseguys,thoseonthestagehavetoprepareeverypossible
  questioninadvance.Moreover,comparedwiththosegettinganawardoftheirresearch,whomaybeinshort
  ofthelecturingexperienceorhavelesspatienceorinterestinnextgenerationcultivation,themostpopular
  professorcouldcontributemoretimeandenergytointeract,givethefeedbackandreflecttheirownteaching
  process.Eventually,Anotherkeyfactoristhepersonalcharm.Enteringintothecolleges,youngadultswillnot
  onlylearnacademictheories,butmoreimportantlyreshapetheirownpersonality.Duringthelecturingcourse,
  theycouldalsogetenlightenmentinotherqualities,suchashumor,innovation,ordedication.
  Inconclusion,Iamthefirmadvocateofthemostpopularprofessorssincetheyaresuccessfulnotonlyin
  knowledgeitself,butinteachingmethod,aswellastheirpersonality.

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